In environments where security is prioritized, users may set --backlog_wait_time to a high value in order to reduce the likelihood that any audit event is lost, even though doing so may result in unpredictable performance if the kernel schedules a timeout when the backlog limit is exceeded. For these users, the next best thing to predictable performance is the ability to quickly detect and react to degraded performance. This patch proposes to aid the detection of kernel audit subsystem pauses through the following changes: Add a variable named audit_backlog_warn_time. Enforce the value of this variable to be no less than zero, and no more than the value of audit_backlog_wait_time. If audit_backlog_warn_time is greater than zero and if the total time spent waiting to enqueue an audit record is greater than or equal to audit_backlog_warn_time, then print a warning with the total time spent waiting. An example configuration: auditctl --backlog_warn_time 50 An example warning message: audit: sleep_time=52 >= audit_backlog_warn_time=50 Tested on Ubuntu 18.04.04 using complementary changes to the audit userspace: https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-userspace/pull/131. Signed-off-by: Max Englander <max.englander(a)gmail.com&gt; --- include/uapi/linux/audit.h | 7 ++++++- kernel/audit.c | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

On Wed, Jun 17, 2020 at 02:47:19PM -0400, Paul Moore wrote: > On Tue, Jun 16, 2020 at 12:58 AM Max Englander <max.englander(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote: > > > > In environments where security is prioritized, users may set > > --backlog_wait_time to a high value in order to reduce the likelihood > > that any audit event is lost, even though doing so may result in > > unpredictable performance if the kernel schedules a timeout when the > > backlog limit is exceeded. For these users, the next best thing to > > predictable performance is the ability to quickly detect and react to > > degraded performance. This patch proposes to aid the detection of kernel > > audit subsystem pauses through the following changes: > > > > Add a variable named audit_backlog_warn_time. Enforce the value of this > > variable to be no less than zero, and no more than the value of > > audit_backlog_wait_time. > > > > If audit_backlog_warn_time is greater than zero and if the total time > > spent waiting to enqueue an audit record is greater than or equal to > > audit_backlog_warn_time, then print a warning with the total time > > spent waiting. > > > > An example configuration: > > > > auditctl --backlog_warn_time 50 > > > > An example warning message: > > > > audit: sleep_time=52 >= audit_backlog_warn_time=50 > > > > Tested on Ubuntu 18.04.04 using complementary changes to the audit > > userspace: https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-userspace/pull/131. > > > > Signed-off-by: Max Englander <max.englander(a)gmail.com&gt; > > --- > > include/uapi/linux/audit.h | 7 ++++++- > > kernel/audit.c | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > If an admin is prioritizing security, aka don't loose any audit > records, and there is a concern over variable system latency due to an > audit queue backlog, why not simply disable the backlog limit? > > -- > paul moore > www.paul-moore.com That’s good in some cases, but in other cases unbounded growth of the backlog could result in memory issues. If the kernel runs out of memory it would drop the audit event or possibly have other problems. It could also also consume memory in a way that starves user workloads or causes them to be killed by the OOMKiller. To refine my motivating use case a bit, if a Kubernetes admin wants to prioritize security, and also avoid unbounded growth of the audit backlog, they may set -b and --backlog_wait_time in a way that limits kernel memory usage and reduces the likelihood that any audit event is lost. Occasional performance degradation may be acceptable to the admin, but they would like a way to be alerted to prolonged kernel pauses, so that they can investigate and take corrective action (increase backlog, increase server capacity, move some workloads to other servers, etc.). To state another way. The kernel currently can be configured to print a message when the backlog limit is exceeded and it must discard the audit event. This is a useful message for admins, which they can address with corrective action. I think a message similar to the one proposed by this patch would be equally useful when the backlog limit is exceeded and the kernel is configured to wait for the backlog to drain. Admins could address that message in the same way, but without the cost of lost audit events.

On Wed, Jun 17, 2020 at 09:06:27PM -0400, Paul Moore wrote: > On Wed, Jun 17, 2020 at 6:54 PM Max Englander <max.englander(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote: > > On Wed, Jun 17, 2020 at 02:47:19PM -0400, Paul Moore wrote: > > > On Tue, Jun 16, 2020 at 12:58 AM Max Englander <max.englander(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote: > > > > > > > > In environments where security is prioritized, users may set > > > > --backlog_wait_time to a high value in order to reduce the likelihood > > > > that any audit event is lost, even though doing so may result in > > > > unpredictable performance if the kernel schedules a timeout when the > > > > backlog limit is exceeded. For these users, the next best thing to > > > > predictable performance is the ability to quickly detect and react to > > > > degraded performance. This patch proposes to aid the detection of kernel > > > > audit subsystem pauses through the following changes: > > > > > > > > Add a variable named audit_backlog_warn_time. Enforce the value of this > > > > variable to be no less than zero, and no more than the value of > > > > audit_backlog_wait_time. > > > > > > > > If audit_backlog_warn_time is greater than zero and if the total time > > > > spent waiting to enqueue an audit record is greater than or equal to > > > > audit_backlog_warn_time, then print a warning with the total time > > > > spent waiting. > > > > > > > > An example configuration: > > > > > > > > auditctl --backlog_warn_time 50 > > > > > > > > An example warning message: > > > > > > > > audit: sleep_time=52 >= audit_backlog_warn_time=50 > > > > > > > > Tested on Ubuntu 18.04.04 using complementary changes to the audit > > > > userspace: https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-userspace/pull/131. > > > > > > > > Signed-off-by: Max Englander <max.englander(a)gmail.com&gt; > > > > --- > > > > include/uapi/linux/audit.h | 7 ++++++- > > > > kernel/audit.c | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > > > 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > > > > > If an admin is prioritizing security, aka don't loose any audit > > > records, and there is a concern over variable system latency due to an > > > audit queue backlog, why not simply disable the backlog limit? > > > > > > -- > > > paul moore > > > www.paul-moore.com > > > > That’s good in some cases, but in other cases unbounded growth of the > > backlog could result in memory issues. If the kernel runs out of memory > > it would drop the audit event or possibly have other problems. It could > > also also consume memory in a way that starves user workloads or causes > > them to be killed by the OOMKiller. > > > > To refine my motivating use case a bit, if a Kubernetes admin wants to > > prioritize security, and also avoid unbounded growth of the audit > > backlog, they may set -b and --backlog_wait_time in a way that limits > > kernel memory usage and reduces the likelihood that any audit event is > > lost. Occasional performance degradation may be acceptable to the admin, > > but they would like a way to be alerted to prolonged kernel pauses, so > > that they can investigate and take corrective action (increase backlog, > > increase server capacity, move some workloads to other servers, etc.). > > > > To state another way. The kernel currently can be configured to print a > > message when the backlog limit is exceeded and it must discard the audit > > event. This is a useful message for admins, which they can address with > > corrective action. I think a message similar to the one proposed by this > > patch would be equally useful when the backlog limit is exceeded and the > > kernel is configured to wait for the backlog to drain. Admins could > > address that message in the same way, but without the cost of lost audit > > events. > > I'm still struggling to understand how this is any better than > disabling the backlog limit, or setting it very high, and simply > monitoring the audit size of the audit backlog. This way the admin > doesn't have to worry about the latency issues of a full backlog, > while still being able to trigger actions based on the state of the > backlog. The userspace tooling/scripting to watch the backlog size > would be trivial, and would arguably provide much better visibility > into the backlog state than a single warning threshold in the kernel. > > -- > paul moore > www.paul-moore.com Removing the backlog limit entirely could lead to the memory issues I mentioned above (lost audit events, out-of-memory errors), and would effectively make the backlog limit a function of free memory. Setting the backlog limit higher won’t necessarily prevent it from being exceeded on very busy systems where the rate of audit data generation can, for long periods of time, outpace the ability of auditd or a drop-in replacement to consume it. The combination of backlog limit and wait time, on the other hand, sets a bound on memory while all but ensuring the preservation of audit events. The fact that latency can arise from using this combination is, for me, an acceptable cost for the predictable use of OS resources and reduced probability of lost events. I’m not trying to eliminate the possibility of latency, but rather find good means to monitor and quickly identify its source when it does occur. Watching the backlog limit with a userspace program, as you suggest, is easy enough and a valuable tool for monitoring the audit system. Even so, a full backlog may not always indicate long wait times. The backlog may fill up 100 times in a second, but drain so quickly as to have little impact on kernel performance. On the other hand, a specific warning that reports backlog wait times would directly implicate or rule out audit backlog waiting as the cause of degraded kernel performance, and lead to faster debugging and resolution. In case you’re any more receptive to the idea, I thought I’d mention that the need this patch addresses would be just as well fulfilled if wait times were reported in the audit status response along with other currently reported metrics like backlog length and lost events. Wait times could be reported as a cumulative sum, a moving average, or in some other way, and would help directly implicate or rule out backlog waiting as the cause in the event that an admin is faced with debugging degraded kernel performance. It would eliminate the need for a new flag, and fit well with the userspace tooling approach you suggested above.

On Thu, Jun 18, 2020 at 8:30 PM Richard Guy Briggs <rgb(a)redhat.com&gt; wrote: > On 2020-06-18 23:48, Max Englander wrote: > > In case you’re any more receptive to the idea, I thought I’d mention > > that the need this patch addresses would be just as well fulfilled if > > wait times were reported in the audit status response along with other > > currently reported metrics like backlog length and lost events. Wait > > times could be reported as a cumulative sum, a moving average, or in > > some other way, and would help directly implicate or rule out backlog > > waiting as the cause in the event that an admin is faced with debugging > > degraded kernel performance. It would eliminate the need for a new flag, > > and fit well with the userspace tooling approach you suggested above. > > Such as is captured in this upstream issue from 3 years ago: > > https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-kernel/issues/63 > "RFE: add kernel audit queue statistics" I would be more open to the idea of reporting queue statistics as part of the audit status information, or similar. -- paul moore www.paul-moore.com

The kernel cannot grow the backlog unbounded. If you do nothing, the backlog is 64 - which is too small to really use. Otherwise, you set the backlog to a finite number with the -b option.

On Thursday, June 18, 2020 9:46:54 AM EDT Paul Moore wrote: > On Thu, Jun 18, 2020 at 9:39 AM Steve Grubb <sgrubb(a)redhat.com&gt; wrote: > > The kernel cannot grow the backlog unbounded. If you do nothing, the > > backlog is 64 - which is too small to really use. Otherwise, you set the > > backlog to a finite number with the -b option. > > If one were to set the backlog limit to 0, it is effectively disabled > allowing the backlog to grow without any restrictions placed on it by > the audit subsystem. Then I'd say you asked for it. The cure is setting a number.